Tag Archive for 'software-patents'

Diagnosis From USA Federal Circuit – Software Patents Are Sick

“Let’s be clear: if all of these claims, including the system claims, are not patent-eligible, this case is the death of hundreds of thousands of patents, including all business method, financial system, and software patents as well as many computer implemented and telecommunications patents.”
see Groklaw – Federal Circuit, en banc, rules in CLS Bank

Quoting from the ruling, ” It is also important to recognize that § 101, while far-reaching, only addresses patent eligibility, not overall patentability. The statute directs that an invention that falls within one of its four enumerated categories “may” qualify for a patent; thus, inventions that are patent eligible are not necessarily patentable. As § 101 itself explains, the ultimate question of patentability turns on whether, in addition to presenting a patent-eligible inven-tion, the inventor also satisfies “the conditions and requirements of this title,” namely, the novelty, nonobvi-ousness, and disclosure requirements of 35 U.S.C. §§ 102, 103, and 112, among others. See 35 U.S.C. § 101.”

Of course, if a computer can “understand” a piece of software that software surely must be “obvious”… chuckle.

” The computer-based limitations recited in the system claims here cannot support any meaningful distinction from the computer-based limitations that failed to supply an “inventive concept” to the related method claims. The shadow record and transaction limitations in Alice’s method claims require “a computer,” CLS Bank, 768 F. Supp. 2d at 236, evidently capable of calculation, storage, and data exchange. The system claims are little different. They set forth the same steps for performing third-party intermediation and provide for computer implementation at an incrementally reduced, though still striking level of generality. Instead of wholly implied computer limitations, the system claims recite a handful of computer components in generic, functional terms that would encompass any device capable of performing the same ubiquitous calculation, storage, and connectivity functions required by the method claims.”

Yup. Merely needing a computer to do the thing doesn’t make it patentable. Chuckle.

” Therefore, as with the asserted method claims, 4 such limitations are not actually limiting in the sense required
under § 101; they provide no significant “inventive concept.” The system claims are instead akin to stating the abstract idea of third-party intermediation and adding the words: “apply it” on a computer. See Mayo, 132 S. Ct.at 1294. That is not sufficient for patent eligibility, and the system claims before us fail to define patent-eligible subject matter under § 101, just as do the method and computer-readable medium claims.”

ROFL!!!

“The question we must consider is whether a patent claim that ostensibly describes such a system on its face represents something more than an abstract idea in legal substance. Claims to computers were, and still are, eligible for patent. No question should have arisen concerning the eligibility of claims to basic computer hardware under § 101 when such devices were first invented. But we are living and judging now (or at least as of the patents’ priority dates), and have before us not the patent eligibility of specific types of computers or computer components, but computers that have routinely been adapted by software consisting of abstract ideas, and claimed as such, to do all sorts of tasks that formerly were performed by humans. And the Supreme Court has told us that, while avoiding confusion between § 101 and §§ 102 and 103, merely adding existing computer technology to abstract ideas–mental steps–does not as a matter of substance convert an abstract idea into a machine.”

WHOOHOO!!! BINGO!

For those unable to parse the legalese, I will paraphrase: “You can’t reinvent painting a work of art by doing it with a paint-brush.”

“We are faced with abstract methods coupled with computers adapted to perform those methods. And that is the fallacy of relying on Alappat, as the concurrence in part does. Not only has the world of technology changed, but the legal world has changed. The Supreme Court has spoken since Alappat on the question of patent eligibility, and we must take note of that change. Abstract methods do not become patent-eligible machines by being clothed in computer language. “

Isn’t that a hoot? Can you hear the patent-FUD rushing out of M$’s collapsing balloon? Can you hear the “partners” who have signed up to pay M$ per Android/Linux smart thingy calling their lawyers and accountants? Can you see the small cheap computers becoming even less expensive? I can.

- Robert Pogson

Stop Granting Software Patents

That’s a good idea according to the German parliament. It should be obvious that software is a copyright work and should not be patentable. Software patents are an illegal extension of copyright power into vague and controversial forms.

“Software patents are illegal under the European Patent Convention. Nevertheless, the European Patent Office has granted tens of thousands of patents covering software. As a result, software developers constantly risk being accused of patent infringement. This causes legal uncertainty which is costly for large companies, and potentially deadly for small ones.

The Parliament’s resolution reminds the government that, under the EU’s Computer Programs Directive, software is covered by copyright, not patents. It calls on the government to finally put the directive’s "copyright approach" into practice, and make German law more concrete in this regard. It also points out that the restrictions which patents impose are incompatible with the most widely used Free Software licenses.”
see German Parliament says: Stop Granting Software Patents

- Robert Pogson

Rotten Apple Is Shrinking

Apple v Samsung is not over yet
“The claim 19 of the ’381 patent that Apple relied upon so heavily against Samsung at trial, the bounce back patent, has now been finally rejected by the USPTO, as it ruled there is prior art that anticipated the ’381 patent”

So Apple’s case is shrinking like a rotten apple. There’s just nothing left, at least nothing Samsung has to apologize or pay for. In fact, I would not be surprised to find Apple had to pay some of Samsung’s costs for frivolous action. Samsung has kicked Apple’s American Ass into second place in the mobile market as it will in court. Apple is an embarrassment to a lot of owners of the gadgets over which Apple sued Samsung.

This should be a lesson to all who would sue over software and other fluffy patents. There’s prior art for everything, so don’t even bother.

- Robert Pogson

IBM on The Wrong Side of Software-Patents Issue

A company as productive of real inventions as IBM should be ashamed to support software-patents but that’s what they do in a recent amicus brief:
“That the vast majority of computer-implemented inventions are patent eligible is beyond debate. Computer-implemented inventions are the lifeblood of the innovations that created the Information Age and are on par with the most ingenious inventive acts that mankind has ever known.

if that invention’s functionality requires computer implementation, this would counsel in favor of patent eligibility”

see Groklaw – CLS Bank v. Alice – Some Amicus Briefs ~pj.

They proceed from begging the question to blatant error in logic. I hope this is just the vomit of one of their lawyers and not the philosophy of the corporation… otherwise, IBM is doomed to sue and be sued forever.

Certainly software is an important part of most modern technology but it is not an invention any more than a poem is an invention. Any sequence of characters that fits the syntax of a programming language is software but it is not patentable. It is a copyright-protected work. Just as one cannot patent a novel. One cannot or should not be able to patent software. That is an error which has cost the world’s economy many $billions for no increase in productivity whatsoever. One can neither patent the abstract ideas of a novel nor the particular text used to express those ideas.

No invention can require implementation in software. Anything that can be done in software could be done with human thought or pencil and paper given enough time. It is not patentable to claim use of computers to make processes faster because that is obvious to say the least. Neither is an “invention” using an IBM mainframe patentable because it uses a mainframe instead of a pocket calculator. That’s just silly. There’s no innovation in time. It’s just an abstract quantity. Nature does not worry about time. A billion years is the same as a nanosecond to Nature. A muscular axeman is not an innovation over a frail axeman, just an obvious choice to increase production.

It is doubtful that the present en banc hearing will accomplish much except to take the issue one step closer to serious examination by SCOTUS. I await the happy day when SCOTUS announces the emperor of software patents has no clothes, something children have known for years because children are not confused by layers of abstraction as are some lawyers considering technology. Adding layers of abstraction does not make a new process patentable. It’s still an abstract idea, explicitly excluded from patentability. Computers and software do not make new machines. That’s an old idea. We’ve been there and done that for decades.

The Internet Retailers’ amicus brief says it all:
“The mere presence in a claim-whether directed to a method, system, or storage medium-of a “computer” or “the Internet” does nothing to concretize an abstract idea. The idea of displaying photographs of products for sale adjacent to text describing those products (a/k/a a catalog) is not made less abstract by reference to implementation “on a computer” any more than it would be rendered less abstract by reference to it being implemented “on paper.” Computer implementation must add something more, and more specific, before it can be considered relevant to resolving the patent-eligibility question. In this regard, computer-implementation is neither a different nor special mode of implementation entided to greater judicial deference than others….”

- Robert Pogson

Federal Circuit to Consider the Patentable Subject Matter of Software

“Federal Circuit is inviting the parties and amici to address the following questions:

a. What test should the court adopt to determine whether a computer-implemented invention is a patent ineligible "abstract idea”; and when, if ever, does the presence of a computer in a claim lend patent eligibility to an otherwise patent-ineligible idea?

b. In assessing patent eligibility under 35 U.S.C. § 101 of a computer-implemented invention, should it matter whether the invention is claimed as a method, system, or storage medium; and should such claims at times be considered equivalent for § 101 purposes?

see Groklaw – Federal Circuit to Consider the Patentable Subject Matter of Software ~ mw.

It’s about time. Too bad it’s not SCOTUS yet.

- Robert Pogson

What is Evidence? – Apple v World

Instructions to Jury What the foreman did
“In reaching your verdict, you may consider only the testimony and exhibits that were received into evidence. Certain things are not evidence, and you may not consider them in deciding what the facts are. I will list them for you:” The foreman brought forward his personal experience of patents without opportunity for Samsung to cross-examine him: “I took that story back to the jury. Laid it out for ‘em. They understood the points I was talking about.”
“(4) Anything you may have seen or heard when the court was not in session is not evidence. You are to decide the case solely on the evidence received at the trial.” The foreman planned his defence of Apple outside the court and planned to take sides: “I could defend this if it was my patent…”
“For each party’s patent infringement claims against the other, the first issue you will have to decide is whether the alleged infringer has infringed the claims of the patent holder’s patents and whether those patents are valid.

A utility patent claim is invalid if the claimed invention is not new. For the claim to be invalid because it is not new, all of its requirements must have existed in a single device or method that predates the claimed invention, or must have been described in a single previous publication or patent that predates the claimed invention. In patent law, these previous devices, methods, publications or patents are called “prior art references.”
The foreman ignored the judge’s instruction by inventing a new rule for invalidation by processor, something that makes no sense since both Apple and Samsung used ARM processors: “…whether or not the prior art really did invalidate that patent and so with the moment I had I realized the software on the Apple side could not be placed into the processor on the prior art and vice-versa, and that changed everything”
“If you decide that any infringement was willful, that decision should not affect any damage award you give. I will take willfulness into account later.” “We wanted to make sure the message we sent was not just a slap on the rist. We wanted to make sure it was sufficiently high to be painful.”

The more I reflect on the jury’s findings in Apple v Samsung, the more appalled I am that the judge does not recall the court in emergency session to set aside their findings. To let such faulty reasoning to stand until weeks later is a travesty of justice.

- Robert Pogson

Software Patents Challenged … Again

Bilski mis-fired, but now EFF, CCIA and RedHat are asking SCOTUS to pronounce precise limits to patentability of software. Without such limits the courts are being swamped by lawsuits and innovation is being stifled rather than promoted by patents. An appeal to a lower court was declined, so this is an attempt to have the SCOTUS correct the lower court. A decision could have a huge effect.

The lower court does not seem even to understand the meaning of “abstract”:
The Federal Circuit admitted that “the mere idea that advertising can be used as a form of currency is abstract,” yet found that when that idea would “likely” require “intricate and complex computer programming,” it was no longer abstract.
Lawyers, “more abstract” is not the same as “concrete”… Sigh…

see H-online – US Supreme Court asked to review software patents ruling

UPDATE
Ars has another opinion piece showing that software patents “don’t scale”. That’s true of course. They reproduce pain and suffering geometrically while the world produces lawyers and courts linearly.

see Opinion: The problem with software patents? They don’t scale

I said the same thing for other reasons before: Patents may have had some use for inventors of devices like machines with a few moving parts but the concept of a patent on hundreds of thousands or millions of lines of code in the software of a smart phone is absurd. It does not scale. It does not scale for the complexity of the device nor for the billions of copies one presumably can sell. After the first million or so, the return on investment is huge and the purpose of patents has been met. The rest is abuse.

- Robert Pogson

Pot (M$) Calls Kettle (SalesForce) Black

M$ sued over software patents and Salesforce is retaliating over software patents, showing how utterly useless these things are for promoting innovation. Read Mary Jo Foley’s take on this.

Perusing the list of things M$ says were infringed include the who’s who of computer science 101. I teach data structures to high school students and they obtain patents on these things because the USPTO is full of people who never took that course.

M$ is a patent-troll and it is time someone stood up to them.

- Robert Pogson

Premonitions of Bilski

Tom Goldstein on SCOTUSBlog has written his best estimate of who will write the decision on Bilski:

  • Justice Stevens will write it
  • the scope of patents will be narrowed, probably restricting software patents
  • the court will be unanimous but possibly split on the scope of the ruling…

He bases this on the history and involvement of Stevens on law of patents. He has a history of narrowing patent rights. The court has a history of spreading the written decisions around and Justice Stevens has yet to write one this term. I think this view is consistent with the engagement of Stevens in the oral hearing last year.

That supports my belief that software patents will get the boot but courts often surprise. They could find a way to dodge the issue by deciding only on this Bilski case very narrowly. I hope we will know two days from now. The suspense is killing me. Cleared of software-patents, M$ is powerless to stop GNU/Linux by any legal means. I expect the stock price will drop on the news. If somehow the software-patents are allowed to live but with narrower rules, it depends exactly on what those rules are. M$’s patent portfolio could be shrunk. We shall see.

I think the court will rule that software-patents are a Pandora’s Box that should never have been opened. The mind boggles at the $billions that have been wasted as a result. It will be interesting to see all the repercussions.
Will previous settlements and cross-licensing agreements be rolled back? That would be difficult even if required. Certainly the patent fud from M$ should be toned way down. They must have earned a lot of enmity in the last year or two extorting money from smaller businesses to “settle”. Who will give M$ any respect if software-patents go down in flames?

- Robert Pogson



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My observations and opinions about IT are based on 40 years of use in science and technology and lately, in education. I like IT that is fast, cost-effective and reliable. I do not care whether my solution is the same as yours. I like to think for myself.

My first use of GNU/Linux in 2001 was so remarkably better than what I had been using, I feel it is important work to share GNU/Linux with the world. I have been blessed by working in schools where students and school systems have benefited by good, modular software easily installed in most systems.

I have shown GNU/Linux to thousands of students and hundreds of teachers over the years and will continue in some way doing that until I die in spite of the opposition.

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