Archive for the 'Teaching' Category

Mind-sets in Software

Some personal history about software:

  • first software written by me in Fortran II-d on IBM 1620 (BCD computer made with germanium transistors and magnetic core memory), fall 1968,
  • first use of GNU/Linux by me, fall 2000, and
  • first realization that FLOSS was the right way to do IT, fall 2003.

My early career in IT was about number-crunching, using computers as programmable calculators on various data-sets related to science and technology. As a physicist, I began to write software to automate data-collection as well. I applied what I knew to personal activities like photography and ballistics and building my first house with “the little woman”.

My latest career was teaching and it was natural to use IT to collect and analyze data on the performance of students but also to use IT for teaching and later to teach students how to do IT for their lives. Before I used GNU/Linux I owned a variety of PCs, some home-built but I used DOS and Lose 3.1 on them. After a few years I was using Lose ’95 in a classroom and the damned machines were frequently crashing, just like Bill Gates’ experience (He laughed. I didn’t.). I switched to Caldera GNU/Linux and was suddenly and dramatically free of crashes.

I used GNU/Linux ever since in my classrooms wherever and whenever I could “get away” with it. That was the usual case. In 2003, however, things changed again. I was not only to teach computer-subjects to students but I had my first computer lab with 1:1 student:PC ratio. We started with Lose ’98 but I soon used my personal computer to run the whole lab by LTSP! The students and I were amazed to see 30 students running all their applications on one ordinary PC running GNU/Linux and not crashing. It was faster, too. Then, when I actually taught Computer Science, it dawned on me, that FLOSS was the right way to do IT.

Teaching/learning is identical to the FLOSS process of writing software/learning to write software. It’s the right way to do IT. Instead of having students watch, learn and write software as assignments. I gave them open-ended projects that could grow. I challenged them to explore different strategies, software designs and to share all their work with each other. Just like Metcalfe’s Law (the power of a network varies as the square of the number of nodes…) the power of a class of students using FLOSS this way is huge. Brilliant ideas emerge from classes of ordinary students. Students learn to analyze any problem into chunks of reasonable size. They learn what doesn’t work, what works better and to choose what works best in writing and using software. It’s a natural fit and brings the real world into the classroom making everything fit. The subject matter includes the students. It is not something artificial imposed on them.

We had some fun times over the years with FLOSS. Whether it was writing tic-tac-toe as a class or having contests to install LAMP quicker than the other guy, everything was easy and the students did most of the work. I lead, followed or got out of their way. Even students who were scheduled against their will to be in my class found interesting stuff to do. Nothing was sacred. We designed and built PCs, software, and networks of PCs, quicker, faster, and cheaper using FLOSS. It has been and continues to be a great adventure.

What set this off was another writer’s revelation of how he learned the exciting concept of changing things that it FLOSS. see Phil Shapiro – OpenSource.org – “The day my mind became open sourced”
It’s a good read and conveys the message clearly. FLOSS is the right way to do IT. It’s something the trolls who comment here have not learned. They haven’t really understood or valued the process. FLOSS is not something dark and evil inside a black box. FLOSS is a living thing interacting with its environment. Non-FREE software is another thing entirely. Some of the greatest frauds of my lifetime have been perpetrated by the likes of M$, seeking to put people and their PCs into sealed boxes so they can collect money for granting people the freedom they already have to run, examine, modify and distribute software.

I recommend Debian GNU/Linux. Not only is it Free Software but the organization is very open and the APT package manager allows managing any number of PCs and servers much easier.

- Robert Pogson

Delusions of M$

M$ is big and has some inertia but it is well past its prime in terms of shaping markets. The sectors that it locked in solidly, retailers and OEMs of PCs, are still pretty well locked in but the growth has gone. While Moore’s Law has made the price/performance of integrated circuits plummet, there’s just too much hardware in a PC made the old way: huge batteries/PSU, case, and wasted space between bulky drives. ARMed devices are able to be built for less and give most users of PCs what they want plus extraordinary mobility and M$’s OS does not run on them, yet.

In their latest annual report, M$ showed its delusions:
“The Windows operating system faces competition from various commercial software products offered by well-established companies, mainly Apple and Google. The Windows operating system also faces competition from alternative platforms and devices that may reduce demand for PCs. User and usage volumes on mobile devices are increasing worldwide relative to the PC. We believe Windows competes effectively by giving customers choice, flexibility, security, a familiar and easy-to-use interface, compatibility with a broad range of hardware and software applications, and the largest support network for any operating system.”

M$ is not in touch with reality. It’s not so much software that’s competing with their software but hardware+software systems from others that are smaller, just as useful, and costing less to build, ship, and to buy. A PC with Wintel inside starts at nearly $200 just for the CPU and OS. The cost of making an ARMed smart thingy is in the range of $100 to $200, complete. That’s not a sustainable difference for the use many people make of personal computers. To the OEMs, the additional cost of hard drives, RAM, PSU, optical drives and case and higher shipping costs mean that the future is going to small cheap computers not running Wintel.

Further, there are about 1500 x86/amd64 PCs in the world today. Each year about 450million new ones are shipped. That’s how many smart phones ship in a year and the growth rate is 60%. There could be 2000 ARMed smart thingies running Android/Linux or GNU/Linux in less than two years and in four years, almost everyone on Earth may have one. Apple has a good share now but has already lost the lead to Android/Linux. The smart phones can be had for less than $100 now, doubling and redoubling the market for them.

The same will happen with tablets. A small, number about 60million will be shipped in 2011 but in 2012, the number could increase dramatically, about 300%. That means when “8″ is released, the installed base of GNU/Linux or Android/Linux or iPad tablets could be about 200 million. OEMs are not going to shift to the “tight margin” model that M$ imposes on PCs in the smart thingies. The newcomers will be making more than M$’s partners on small cheap computers than on “PCs”. By the end of 2012, consumers and businesses will know and love the small cheap computer and will turn up their noses at M$ offering small expensive computers.

No. M$ is deluded. They are giving a middle-distance runner a lead of at least one lap. M$ may be able to sustain considerable income but the growth is gone forever and we could be seeing the peak of their client OS in terms of units sold and revenue. They are looking at near-zero growth and the new technology is seeing multiples of 100% growth.

- Robert Pogson

Bundling the OS with the PC

In France there were two rulings that judges should not ignore bundling when the consumer is aware of bundling. One consumer sued the retailer and another sued the OEM. for a refund of the retail price paid for that other OS. In both cases the judge gave the consumers no slack. However, appeals to a higher court overturned the rulings of the lower courts.

While obviously there is a market for PCs with an OS, there is obviously a market for PCs with diverse OS or no OS and this situation is an illegal restraint of trade. It is sad that consumers have to take these “partners” of M$ to court rather than governments protecting consumers and businesses from illegal practices.

In Canada, the Competition Bureau says bundling is just fine with them as long as none of the “partners” in crime complains… Twits.

- Robert Pogson

Last Post From the North?

This could be my last post from the North. My employer played “musical chairs” with the teacherages and I was “caught out”. No teacherage for me… No shack in the community… I did not bring a tent… The employer will not allow me to camp in my classroom. Finally a decision was made and I am heading home tomorrow. Too bad. The last 20 PCs have just arrived. Six years old and 512MB P4s! It could be years before they plug them into the system if they cannot hire a full complement of teachers due to a shortage of teacherages. I was supposed to train local talent but that task is far from complete.

Time for a career-change I guess. Travelling the North looking for work is much less fun than it was years ago. I need something that will ease me into retirement. Consulting might do as long as I can telecommute. Writing might do but I doubt the pay would maintain my wife in the manner to which she has become accustomed ;-)

Thanks to Perimeter Aviation for many dozens of safe landings

typical teacherages in the North

- Robert Pogson

Some Things Just Must Be Shared

One of the wonderful things about being in the North and being an early riser are some great sunrises. Here is today’s:
sunrise small (click for the full deal) I apologize that this image shows the event past its full glory because it took me a while to find my camera.

- Robert Pogson

Integrity of the Network

I advocate use of thin clients which more or less go out of service with any interruption of the network. That along with lack of access to servers or the Internet are one of life’s problems for IT system administrators. Bigger guys have these problems, in spades.

Yesterday, I extended our wireless network to reach a dark corner of the school. I configured the wireless access point in my lab and because the office was about to be locked up for the day installed it in the office without testing. I thought it was sufficiently routine to take that risk and it would not likely be needed until the next day when the office would be open again. After the office was locked I did find time to test it and it failed. I could see the channel but I could get no IP address on my notebook. Ding, Ding, Ding… The bells in my head told me the AP was not properly connected to the LAN even though I had seen lights come on both on the switch in the office and on the access point, a DI-524 router. Later a teacher in the building asked for wireless access and we saw that the new AP was stronger than the old one, so I asked the maintenance foreman to let me into the office for a closer look.

Indeed the router was connected to the switch properly but the wall outlet for the LAN was cabled directly to a particular PC… The switch was not connected to the LAN… Inspection of the surroundings revealed a bundle of solid-conductor cable under the secretary’s desk, unconnected from anything. Then it dawned on me. The office had suffered the same “attack of the cleaning ladies” over the summer. Anything that was on the floor was moved off and usually unplugged. Sigh. At least no one’s shooting at my system. I put the switch and the router/AP in a safer place and reconnected the switch and PCs to the LAN. Bingo. Wireless now works better in the dark corner of the school. The PE teacher whose office in the gym was running at -85db will be pleased. The grade 1 teacher can now listen to her favourite feed while working late.

Then the water supply was cut off. There will be no school for two days because of concerns of contamination. Sigh. If it isn’t one problem with infrastructure it is another.

- Robert Pogson

MUSHROOMS!

There has been an attack of mushrooms in my little community. I took a break from my writing to have lunch and look for mushrooms. After slogging around in knee-deep moss for an hour I came out of the bush with only enough lactarius deliciosus and suillus cavipes (hollow-stalked larch bolete) to have a bowl of soup. To my surprise, along the edge of the school yard I found a leccinum boreale (aspen rough-stem) a little the worse for wear but with a still-solid stem and a mess of coprinus atramentarius (common inky-cap, edible for non-drinkers like me :-) ) .

Needless to say I rushed home and sauteed those coprinus before they turned to black goo. I left the sautee in the refrigerator for dinner, likely with rice and pepper. Ahhh, the good life, low-calorie-haut-cuisine. Mushrooms are one of the great things about teaching in the North.

- Robert Pogson

Aches and Pains

I am well past my prime physically. Despite a lot of help bringing in my freight (23 parcels by car, air, and truck) I am exhausted from all the fetching, carrying and unboxing. On top of that, I strained my wrist picking up a 20kg/44lb package and I have done a few house-calls for PCs and picked mushrooms. There’s such a thing as too much exercise and I am close to the limit. I need to rest a few days before classes start next week.

Such is life as a teacher in the North. Some us do not live here and commute for summer and bring in lots of freight. It’s one of the costs of the fresh air, clean water and mushrooms. If you go to teach in the North, pack your own boxes so you can carry them a bit. My wife used to put 60 lb in the largest boxes she could find. Now I try to keep most to 30 lb or less. One box did go missing. Actually, it’s a sack of rolled oats… Good for my cholesterol I am told. Perhaps it will be found. Perhaps not. It’s great to be eating a good diet from a more diverse and cheaper source than the Northern Store.

- Robert Pogson

Silver Linings

When I was a child I was told “Every cloud has a silver lining”. It’s true. In the midst of the chaos in my life a cleaning lady approached me before I even reached the school and asked, “Do you fix computers?”. Debian GNU/Linux Squeeze is sliding onto her machine as I type. My web cache is still in storage so the packages are coming from York University at speeds over 300 KB/s up to 1000 KB/s. I cleaned her machine with some compressed gas and checked it out. Dual core with 1gB RAM. The only problem is a conexant modem for which we can get a free 1/4-speed driver. GNU/Linux is in demand here. It sure beats hundreds of dollars of freight and service charges.

- Robert Pogson

Travelling in the North

I have just flown up North to teach my last year. As always, travel is risky. When I phoned to confirm my ticket, I was told it had not yet been paid…. I had e-mailed my itinerary weeks ago to a fellow no longer on the payroll (unknown to me…). I phoned, faxed and e-mailed everyone in the system to fix things and finally got the caretaker at home. One of the faxes had gotten through. Nope, an extra layer had been added to the paper-flow and my ticket was not paid until 25 minutes before the scheduled flight time. My freight is waiting at the airport to get on a plane. My lock had been changed to I am sitting here unable to lock my door… I shall survive, somehow.

On the other hand the August rains have produced mushrooms and I had a bowl of mushroom soup yesterday.

The router at the school is still working but the PCs are locked up. My lab was broken into over the summer. I have no idea if anything is missing yet. Everything is piled high at one end of the room. It looks like the wireless access point is down. Perhaps the cleaners just moved it.

And so another year of teaching in the North starts in total chaos in spite of all plans and efforts to make things smooth. Let us hope the students are thoroughly bored with months of total freedom and ready to work.

- Robert Pogson

Shopping for the North

I have been shopping a bit lately, two trips into Winnipeg to pick up supplies to last a year of teaching in the North. I have two pet suppliers, Dino’s on Notre Dame just west of Isabel, and The Great Canadian Wholesale Club at Route 90 north-bound just north of Ellice Avenue.

Dino’s is a very interesting place. You can always find 10kg sacks of cornmeal and beans there and sacks of rice, too. For $20 a sack of beans lasts me all winter and is a great source of protein. I use a pressure cooker to do the job in 30 minutes, less if soaked. Rice takes only 5 minutes in a pressure cooker although the time taken to reach operating temperature is a bit longer.

The Great Canadian Wholesale Club is interesting too. It is a big box place with huge carts and sacks and cartons of stuff. I like the fresh produce. I bought farmed mushrooms, green bell peppers and onions. The onions have increased in price a lot for some reason. A 50 lb./22 kg sack cost $27 this year but was only $18 last year but that is way ahead of Northern Store prices which can be $3/lb where I work. I bought fixings for pizza too. Sauce and cheese and lean ground beef which I make into salami. I bought two bushel cartons of bell peppers and two sacks of spinach which I blanched and froze. I diced and blanched 50 lb of carrots which I froze. 10 kg sack of dried peas to make pea soup all winter only cost $7. Five minutes in the pressure cooker will do it.

I usually use Morton’s TenderQuick for making salami but I cannot find it in stores these days. Fortunately, I discovered Canada Compound at 900 Bradford Street between the two halves of route 90 just south of Saskatchewan Avenue and north of Wellington which sold me a lifetime supply of something similar to Prague Powder for a few dollars a sack. I mixed 22 lb of lean ground beef in a large pot with two tablespoons of the stuff, two tablespoons of garlic powder, one tablespoon of pepper and one tablespoon of Mrs. Dash to make my salami. I mixed it thoroughly and allowed it to marinate a day with refrigeration. Then I formed it into loaves about 8 cm in diameter by hand and wrapped it in SaranWrap/food wrap and baked in a 300F oven for one hour. It took two batches in my oven. I punctured the bottom of the wrapped loaves with a fork and caught (most of) the drippings in a cookie sheet on a lower rack. It was a little difficult to form the loaves. It would have helped to include a cup or two of cornmeal to make the mix more cohesive but I did not want to open the sack I will ship by air. This salami will survive a while without refrigeration as sometimes happens along the way. Ground beef after it thaws is much more perishable.

I dried the mushrooms and onions in a drier from Bosch Kitchen Centre on Pembina Highway. The driers are expensive but pay for themselves in a year of not shopping at the Northern Store… I sliced the mushrooms longitudinally about 8mm thick and place them barely touching on the trays. They dry in a few hours at 140F. The onions I diced and dry at the same temperature. You want the mushrooms to be soft but shrunken and the onions almost crisp but not brown. I dried peeled garlic in 2mm slices at 115F for 12 hours.

One of the rare gems and one of the few canned products I ship north is catsup. I buy it in cases of six large cans. One can will last me a month and I use it on everything: soup, pizza, pasta, meat, and diluted as tomato juice.

I like to bake and bought 8 10kg bags of whole wheat flour, yeast and sugar. I extend the yeast by using the sourdough technique so a pound will last me all year. I bought 10kg of white granulated sugar and 4kg of brown sugar for cinnamon buns. Don’t forget lots of cinnamon, raisins, prunes, and nuts… You can buy a substantial 18L jug of canola oil there and butter, too. I am trying to lose weight so I am cutting down…

Altogether I filled two carts at the Great Canadian Wholesale Club and spent $1000. That will last me 300 days in the North, about $3.33/day. If you shop at the Northern Store, it will likely cost you $10 unless you buy their $5 pizza and not eat one or two at a sitting… I think my groceries are a more balanced diet. I have been eating this way in the North for 14 years and it works for me. I hope it helps some newbie teachers live more affordably.

One last note. As you may have to shift cartons loaded with these heavy items, be sure not to put too much weight in each carton. You can put a heavy bag in the bottom and your clothes on top, for instance. Use cartons with no openings or wrap contents in plastic to prevent dust/sand/dirt from runways getting in.

Don’t forget Hallowe’en treats for the kids. About 200 pieces is enough in many communities and you can always deal with leftovers. ;-)

- Robert Pogson

GNU/Linux is so Easy Even a Child Can Do IT

I have had Grade 1s in a computer lab with a bodyguard. It is a frightening experience because you never know what the little ones will do next but you can be sure they will be doing something…

My respect goes out to Helios and friends who gave a 4 day summer workshop for 22 kids. The kids not only got to know the ins and outs of ATX PCs but also installed GNU/Linux and played games on it. I would bet everyone involved learned a lot. ;-)

This shows that GNU/Linux is not only for geeks. If you have some grown-ups in your organization who are reluctant to change, perhaps this example would inspire sufficient effort. The benefits outweigh the costs:

  • relative freedom from malware
  • relative freedom from anti-malware
  • freedom from monopoly, and
  • superior performance at lower cost.
- Robert Pogson



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My Mission

My observations and opinions about IT are based on 40 years of use in science and technology and lately, in education. I like IT that is fast, cost-effective and reliable. I do not care whether my solution is the same as yours. I like to think for myself.

My first use of GNU/Linux in 2001 was so remarkably better than what I had been using, I feel it is important work to share GNU/Linux with the world. I have been blessed by working in schools where students and school systems have benefited by good, modular software easily installed in most systems.

I have shown GNU/Linux to thousands of students and hundreds of teachers over the years and will continue in some way doing that until I die in spite of the opposition.

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