Archive for June 15th, 2010

Good Roles for Desktop GNU/Linux

Paul Venezia writes:

“Let me be blunt: If you’re not using Linux on the desktop in call center and other fixed-purpose computing environments, you’re doing your company a disservice.”

Amen. He’s writing about the wholesale deployment of that other OS whether there’s a need for it or not. Here 99% of what we do is done with a browser or office suite. We are creating, modifying, storing, and finding text and images all the time. We do not need any particular operating system to do that so why not use the least expensive/most reliable one? Some businesses do have experts/specialists who need particular apps not available in GNU/Linux so they may need that other OS, but PCs are dandy for processing information in broad categories that need only a few basic apps to manage.

When I came here half the PCs were not working because of problems with malware and the bloat of that other OS. With GNU/Linux life is much simpler. Everything works and we do not need to dance to M$’s tune. Many organizations can easily run 80% of their PCs with GNU/Linux. Where I work we are about 90% GNU/Linux now and plan to have only a few PCs running that other OS next year. The fewer the better for reasons of support, reliability and speed.

When we consider the server, we have absolutely no need for that other OS. When we consider the desktop, the OS that came with the PC is not sacred. We do not have to keep it. If we consider the cost of keeping it, we should pave it over immediately. I use Debian GNU/Linux. You may find another distro works better for you. I like Debian GNU/Linux for the package management. It is so cool to have world-wide back-up of the software and local caches for speed. I really only need to back-up user data on the client PCs and that plus configuration information on servers.

One place where other writers on Infoworld get it wrong IMHO is management of IT. They have the belief that M$ knows how to manage PCs centrally better than GNU/Linux. I don’t get that at all. I have used AD and it works, sometimes, but it is quirky. On the other hand, I can send commands to every machine on a GNU/Linux network and have them all work for me instantly. That is centralized control for which some trolls criticize me. Advocates for that other OS want it both ways, it seems. I let users control their PCs. I want someone to be able to control the whole system. I get that with GNU/Linux. I just clone the appropriate public keys for the admin user, root, and I can send commands to any PC running the sshd daemon. This is much tighter control than AD or scripting in that other OS. I do not need to reboot to make anything happen usually. The user can continue using his PC during the process. Perfect. Simple and powerful management at no additional charge.

- Robert Pogson

Dell Recommends Ubuntu

Well, they don’t actually say that but this page sure does look like a good ad for Ubuntu. Too bad they have hidden it deep in the bowels of Dell.com.

The page compares that other OS on a number of features and it looks pretty fair. I like that they actually tell people “Ubuntu is safer than Windows“. They also point to features included with Ubuntu that are extra cost with that other OS. They even say anti-malware is “unwarranted” for Ubuntu. When I first read that, I was thinking they did not guarantee the effectiveness of the anti-malware but I think, in context, they mean that it is unnecessary. I would not even go that far. If you are running mission-critical stuff you probably should use anti-malware on GNU/Linux on the off-chance that it might stop something. It is another coat of security. I would put it on a gateway before I would put it on each and every machine, however. That protects the whole network in case a machine with that other OS connects wirelessly or plugs in. If such a machine tries to import malware you can stop it. If it is already infected, well, all bets are off. Better to reduce the risk than to do nothing.

The surprising thing is that Dell makes the comparison, even though they “Recommend” that other OS elsewhere on the site. It helps. Every bit helps. Dell puts Ubuntu and “FreeDOS and Linux” on its menus in places right below that other OS. That gives choice but they still keep to the low-end machines. I guess they need that other OS to drive up the price on the bigger notebooks.

- Robert Pogson

Implementing and Maintaining IT in Education

I am the closest thing you will find to an IT professional in my school. Our ISP does have a help-desk far, far away, but most of the teachers here have to go to the office to make a call and the help-desk has office hours, so that is not much help. I did talk to them a few times about error messages saying to call this number… (I thought it was some kind of spam, at first…), and the ISP did provide us with a more or less effective anti-malware system (a great aggravation to all users). We also get a few visits per year by technical people who mainly service the satellite systems and stop at the router. There is a way to integrate the anti-malware with the help-desk but that is awkward.

So, we are alone in the bush. Many schools on a road can get technical help within a few hours or days but very few have a tech in-house. It is just too costly to pay the Maytag Repairman just to keep him around. I have been in schools where itinerant IT visited almost every week but they could never get to the bottom of their “todo” list. Rather than wait for a miracle or outside assistance I have to fix stuff here with no budget and few spare parts.

Fortunately the ISP and Computers for Schools sends us enough stuff we can keep things going. A few key power-supply failures whould finish us for a week or so. I try to put mission-critical stuff on things we have in abundance so I can cannibalize. Fortunately, besides a few power failures, we have had only a couple of systems die with power-supply or motherboard issues.

Almost everything that needed to be fixed was with software, systems running too slowly to be usable (one extremely patient lady was getting five minutes per click…). At first I tried cloning systems that worked reasonably well but it was a lot of work. Our network did not allow in-place cloning as we did not have a server. We now have two servers going but I have found switching to GNU/Linux practically eliminates the need to image over the network. I can use a USB thumb-drive with Clonezilla to convert an XP machine that is acting up to GNU/Linux in minutes. As a result there are very few XP machines left to give us trouble. There are only four still on teachers’ desks and two of those will be converted next week when the year-end paperwork is done or staff are leaving.

Teachers do a lot of volunteer work: extra-curricular stuff with students, activities on evenings and weekends in the gymn, field-trips, preparing snacks, and so on. I do IT. I enjoy it and it makes my job easier and helps others. It would be inefficient to have me hired as an IT person, because my salary is much higher than the typical in-school tech but my IT work is unpaid/not-an-item-on-the-budget so this works. One can argue whether the IT I do is best-practice, good enough or whatever, but I have unique insight into using IT in education so it helps me to speak the language of teachers and to help them use IT effectively in school. At the start of next year every returning teacher and every new-hire will have an IT package outlining the services available and how to access them. We even have installed BugZilla on the server to report problems asynchronously. It’s crude but it works. People can see instantly what problems others have encountered and what the solutions were. This saves a great deal of time and provides some history for my eventual replacement. The server also has a database with our complete inventory and I have scripted some automation of routine tasks. A manual of how the whole thing works and how to manage is also in the works.

We do not have a formal IT plan because so much of what we are able to do is controlled by others: the ISP, funding agencies and bean-counters but we have a general idea to expand IT to every classroom at first with seats at a PC/thin client and to increase access to peripherals like audio, video, still-cameras and scanners. By the end of next year we should have nearly enough PCs to properly implement the curriculum that calls for IT to be integrated into the curriculum and we will find ways to increase peripherals. Bingo is not out of the question. By using the old machines as thin clients of the new machines we should have more than adequate computing power. By using a local cache of the Debian GNU/Linux repository we have in-house backup and installation of software superior to anything we can do with that other OS.

Already we have several teachers who use IT well in class at all levels. The next major goal is to have teachers share their knowledge of how to use IT to permit every student in every classroom to properly use IT to aid learning. That should be achievable in the coming school year because we will organize get-acquainted sessions from the start and IT seminars evening and weekends.

- Robert Pogson

Power

The idea behind multiple core CPUs is that you can get more instructions per second that way for the same or less power consumption. Many servers also scale this a bit with two, four, or eight sockets being fairly common. Uncommonly, a project has developed a server that combined 512 Intel Atoms into a a 10U monster that consumes 2KW. I wonder how much that monster would consume if stocked with ARM CPUs… It doesn’t have to make sense. It’s research sponsored by government. One advantage of using x86 over ARM is that stuff that was running on x86 can port to the Atom crate more easily, but that would likely be true of stuff running on GNU/Linux on x86, too, because ARM is a supported architecture of GNU/Linux.

This development is not that new. Blade servers do much the same and I seriously considered using multiple VIA cards in a crate back in 2006 when I put in a complete school system. We opted for multi-seat X and thin clients just because it would be less work to implement. In the SeaMicro system, the lower cost of ARM chips and their lower power consumption would likely mean a very useful and similar product could be produced for about the same cost with perhaps 1000 processors and half or less power consumption.

The economics of this sort of scale is easy to understand. For $100K you get 512 processors each able to support a few users. That’s about $50 per simultaneous user if the thing is loaded up. With ARM, I expect the cost per user would be $25 or so. This is the Year of ARM so I expect to see products like this with ARM soon.

- Robert Pogson



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My Mission

My observations and opinions about IT are based on 40 years of use in science and technology and lately, in education. I like IT that is fast, cost-effective and reliable. I do not care whether my solution is the same as yours. I like to think for myself.

My first use of GNU/Linux in 2001 was so remarkably better than what I had been using, I feel it is important work to share GNU/Linux with the world. I have been blessed by working in schools where students and school systems have benefited by good, modular software easily installed in most systems.

I have shown GNU/Linux to thousands of students and hundreds of teachers over the years and will continue in some way doing that until I die in spite of the opposition.

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